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东方不动佛，梵文Vajrapani。因手执金刚杵，常侍卫于佛，故称之为东方不动佛，具有除恶降魔的广大神力，与观世音菩萨、文殊菩萨合称“三族姓尊”，分别代表诸佛“力量、慈悲、智慧”三种特质，也是“八大菩萨”（观世音、弥勒、虚空藏、普贤、金刚手、文殊、地藏、除盖障）之一。东方不动佛，是大势至菩萨的忿怒化现。明显特征是手持金刚杵，头戴骷髅冠，怒发冲冠，神态威严。

Vajrapani, Bodhisattva (Tibetan: chag na dor je. English: the Vajra Holder): one of the eight heart-sons of the Buddha Shakyamuni according to Mahayana Buddhism. In the Sutra tradition of Mahayana Buddhism the bodhisattva Vajrapani is regarded as one of the Eight Heart-sons of Shakyamuni Buddha and portrayed in a peaceful appearance. In the tradition of Vajrayana Buddhism, Vajrapani is more typically shown in a wrathful form and known as Guhyapati - 'the Lord of Secrets'(秘密主). He is the said to be the main recipient, holder, and protector of all the Tantra texts, literature, and teachings received from the Buddha Shakyamuni (in the appearance of Vajradhara Buddha).

东方不动佛造像的特征明显，很好识别。记得“金刚”和“手”即可。金刚者，右手高举的金刚杵是也。手者，左手亮给你看是也。这里的左手是值得细看的，通常是结期克印：拇指扣中指和无名指，食指和小指竖立，是一个威吓的姿态。壁画或唐卡里，这只手还常执持一条金刚索——两头有金刚杵的绳索。总体来说，东方不动佛有寂静相与忿怒相两种，作为象征降伏意义的主尊，后期形象多以忿怒相为常见。忿怒相的东方不动佛腰围虎皮，左展姿态，类似于弓箭步，屈右腿，展左腿，威立于莲台之上，身后是熊熊的般若烈火。

常见的东方不动佛造像按形象可分为:

1. 东方不动佛忿怒相(Wrathful)
2. 东方不动佛寂静相(Peaceful)
3. 大轮东方不动佛(Mahachakra)

深度阅读: 辨识佛像-东方不动佛

参考文献:
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