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金刚亥母,梵文Vajravarahi,藏文名为多吉帕姆(Dorjepakmo),意为金刚猪神,因猪在汉地十二生肖中属于“亥”,故被称作“金刚亥母”。此神为女性,头戴五个骷髅组成的冠冕,长发披肩,三目圆睁,作愤怒威慑状,愤怒的双眼下却有微笑神情,意味威慈并具,右耳突出的猪首是她的重要身份标志。在佛教教义中,猪是作为贪、嗔、痴三毒中“痴”的象征,金刚亥母自然就是驱除痴毒的斗士。她右手所持的钺刀像刀又像钩,用于清除愚昧,勾召智慧。左手托着一只盛有鲜血的嘎巴拉碗,象征极乐体验和事业成功。怀揣的卡章嘎天杖装饰有代表三毒的骷髅、干枯和新鲜的人头,顶上的金刚杵则象征用威力制服三毒侵扰。她脚下踩着尸体起舞,则代表战胜敌人。
需要澄清的是胜乐金刚的明妃是金刚瑜伽母(Vajrayogini), 不是金刚亥母. 金刚瑜伽母(空行母)是比金刚亥母更大的一个称谓,可以认为金刚亥母是金刚瑜伽母的一个带猪头的特殊形象.
Vajrayogini is the principal female deity of the Chakrasamvara Cycle of Tantras. There are many different forms of the deity with each having a unique name and appearance. Some names are descriptive such as Krodha Kali meaning 'black wrathful' yogini and others refer to the lineage or principal Indian mahasiddha associated with a particular Yogini practice. The most common forms found in art are the Naropa (Naro Khacho, 那洛巴-那若卡居) form, Vajravarahi (with the pig face at the side, 带猪面的是金刚亥母), Vajrayogini in a dancing posture(舞蹈姿态的金刚瑜伽母), Krodha Kali (the black form, 黑忿怒相) and Dechen Gyalmo (of the Longchen Nyingtig, 长寿五姐妹). Other names refer to the Indian or Tibetan lineage associated with a particular Yogini form and practice. The terms 'dakini'(空行) and 'vajra dakini' are often used with reference to Vajrayogini.
如果看到一个舞姿的女性本尊,右脸上延展出一个猪头,就是金刚瑜伽母。金刚瑜伽母的其它标志特征还有:左手捧嘎巴拉碗,端在胸前。右手持钺刀,高举半空。正面有三目,戴五骷髅冠和人头项鬘,头顶金刚杵。弯曲的左臂里靠着一根天杖。右腿曲,左腿舒展,舞蹈姿踏在天人身上,象征降伏执著。着色唐卡里,金刚瑜伽母全身红色,右面的猪头则是蓝色或黑色。
常见的金刚瑜伽母造像按风格可分为:
深度阅读: 辨识佛像-金刚瑜伽母
参考文献:
藏传佛教中的猪神-金刚瑜伽母
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