佛像鉴定鉴赏收藏

尺寸：17.8 x 12.1 x 9.5 cm
年代：清代 17-18世纪
质地：黄铜鎏金 失蜡法铸造
风格：中原
来源：纽约大都会博物馆
参阅：外部链接
鉴赏：
古比特佛像网(fo.gubit.cn), 编号: 尊胜佛母003

这尊金光灿灿的清代三面八臂尊胜佛母像，目前收藏于纽约大都会艺术博物馆。这尊佛像采用的是黄铜材质，外部进行了镀金。

铸造方法是古代制作青铜等金属器物的一种精密铸造方法——失蜡法。制作过程是，用蜂蜡做成铸件的模型，再用别的耐火材料填充泥芯和敷成外范。加热烘烤后，蜡模全部熔化流失，使整个铸件模型变成空壳。再往内浇灌熔液，便铸成器物。以失蜡法铸造的器物可以玲珑剔透，有镂空的效果。

据佛教典籍记载尊胜佛母又称乌瑟腻沙尊胜佛母、顶髻尊胜佛母、佛顶尊胜佛母。尊胜佛母乃长寿三尊之一，三面八臂，面上各具三眼，面容兼具寂静、愉悦与凶忿相。右第一手持四色羯磨杵（十字金刚）于胸前，二手托莲座，上为阿弥陀佛，三手持箭，四手施愿印置右腿前，左第一手忿怒拳印持绢索，二手上扬作施无畏印，三手执弓，四手定印托甘露宝瓶。花蔓、天衣、宝冠、璎珞等庄严，安坐于莲花月轮上。修持尊胜佛母法门，能增长寿命及福慧，消除无始以来一切罪业，免除一切凶灾。

This eight-armed goddess can be identified by the implements she holds as Ushnishavijaya, one of several female deities who began to play a prominent role in Indian Buddhist practices during the seventh and eighth centuries. She has three faces and is thought to personify the ushnisha, the cranial protuberance that marks a Buddha. Therefore, she is generally associated with the development of practices focusing on spiritual understanding. The goddess holds a small seated Buddha in her upper right hand and a two-pronged vajra suspended from a long rope in her upper left. Her second pair of hands holds a bow and arrow, while the third clutches a four-pronged vajra (a ritual implement symbolic of adamantine power) before her chest. The seventh and eighth hands, the lowest pair on the sculpture, offer a gesture of beneficence and hold a covered vase. The style of the sculpture reflects the close ties between the Buddhist cultures of Tibet, Mongolia, and China during the Qing dynasty.