佛像鉴定鉴赏收藏

尺寸：像高 146.1 cm
年代：北魏(5世纪) 470-480年
质地：石雕 砂岩雕塑上色
风格：中原
备注：来自山西云冈石窟第25窟
来源：纽约大都会博物馆
参阅：外部链接
鉴赏：
美国大都会艺术博物馆收藏的这尊交脚菩萨石雕像，制作年代为公元470-480年之间，距今已有1500多年的历史。交脚观音菩萨头戴宝冠，冠中有小化佛。面呈微笑，弯眉细目，直鼻小口，目微闭而含情，俯视着芸芸众生，似乎随时准备闻世间疾苦之声而前往救助。菩萨肩披披帛，下着贴体长裙，衣饰线纹流畅，手法简洁。右手似施无畏印（缺损），左手自然下垂抚膝，双腿交叉而坐。神情自若，姿态典雅端庄。整体比例精当匀称，舒展大气，给人以回味不尽的美感。

参见北魏另一尊与此像相似的交脚菩萨像: 5世纪北魏石雕交脚弥勒菩萨(纽约大都会博物馆)

交脚菩萨造像是我国魏晋南北朝时期十分流行的样式，交脚坐姿应当是早期印度和中亚等国帝王和贵族采用的一种坐姿，是帝王和贵族的尊贵身份象征。古印度的弥勒菩萨造像类型在魏晋时期陆续进入中土，国王的交脚尊贵坐姿也一同被传入，并逐渐被中土信众所追捧。交脚弥勒菩萨作为帝王风范的造型开始遍布于中土的佛教石窟，尤其是皇家石窟。但交脚观音菩萨像比较少见。

Seated bodhisattvas with their legs crossed at the ankles (交脚) are among the most ubiquitous images found in the cave-temple complex at Yungang, near Datong, in north Shanxi province. Both large and small examples were carved on the side walls of many of the caves, as well as on the large central pillars that often filled their interiors. The small seated Buddha on the front of the crown is intriguing. By the late fifth century, such figures were used in Indian art to identify the bodhisattva Avalokiteshvara, who embodies the virtue of compassion. The presence of such a seated Buddha has remained an iconographic symbol of Avalokiteshvara for millennia.