佛像鉴定鉴赏收藏

尺寸：高140cm
年代：18世纪 乾隆时期
质地：铜鎏金(Gilded copper, with painted hair)
风格：西藏
来源：伦敦V&A博物馆
参阅：外部链接
鉴赏：
前2张照片是我2020年在参观V&A博物馆时拍的.–Artemis注

这件高度为140厘米(博物馆误标记为119cm高)的释迦牟尼成道像堪称18世纪藏传佛教艺术的经典之作。整件造像制作规整，体态端正而威严，双目眼睑略微低垂，以温柔而又坚毅的目光俯视体恤众生。造像通体鎏金，金水虽经岁月磨砺依然灿然，脸上冷金涂敷保存完整。另外，此件造像的胎体自上而下存在很多细密的方形补丁，这些补丁的工艺细腻纯熟，应当是技艺高超熟练的工匠方能为之。这种细密的将铸漏的气孔切割成方形孔洞并加以修补的方式多见于尺寸巨大的造像，另外考虑到此件佛像底座圈足上文笔细腻的藏文錾刻，可以推断该造像出自西藏高等级作坊。此造像有多处艺术特征与盛产大尺寸的清代宫廷造像风格不同，上挑的眼线，下垂手指连接处的圆滑过度以及虎口处的处理手法都不类同于内地的工艺，反而与后藏扎什伦布寺的风格有几分相似，由此可以判断此件造像的产地应为西藏。

Public access description
This large image of the seated Buddha Sakyamuni is cast in copper and gilded; the facial features and hair are painted. An image of this size would have been made for worship in a temple in Tibet or China, where it would have stood behind an altar. An inscription in Tibetan (U chen) script running around the base forms a general prayer for the spiritual progress of all beings towards enlightenment.

Descriptive line
Figure of seated Buddha, gilded brass, China, Qing dynasty, Qianlong period, 1740-1786.

Physical description
A seated image of the Buddha Sakyamuni, cast in copper gilt by the cire perdu process and chased. The face is gold with red lips, white eyeballs and black pupils and eyebrows. The tightly-curled hair is dark blue.

The Buddha's legs are crossed in the lotus or diamond posture and he is seated on a double-petalled lotus throne (padmasana). His lowered right hand (bhumisparsha mudra) records the moment just prior to his enlightenment as he called the earth to witness his worthiness to achieve liberation. He is wearing a robe which appears transparent, being only indicated at the edges. He bears the other main marks of Buddhahood (laksanas) including the cranial bump or ushnisha, the mark between the eyes (urna) and the eight-spoked 'Wheel of the Law' (dharmachakra) on the palms of the hands and the soles of his feet.

The solid lotus base is separate from the figure and is inscribed round the bottom with a series of laudatory inscriptions in Tibetan characters.

Museum number
IM.227-1920

Object history note
Formerly in the collection of Sir Ratan Tata

URL
http://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O74255/shakyamuni-figure-unknown/